POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION The availability of Coal in abundance makes Jharkhand an ideal state for setting up Thermal Power Plants at the Coal Pits. With the abolition of freight-equalization, there is tremendous cost advantage in setting up thermal power plants at the Coal pit itself. The Present total installed power capacity is 2590 MW. In view of future requirements NTPC, DVC and State PSUs setting up different plants with total capacity of 4736 MW. Due to several new investments in manufacturing setups coming up, the demand for Power both within the state and the nearby states will increase manifold. There is also scope for setting up Hydel power plants. 67 Hydel Power generation sites have been identified for this purpose.   PROSPECTS AND POTENTIAL IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND Background Scenario The development of electric power generation and supply some how could not receive due attention and priorities in the erstwhile Integrated State of Blhar. In spite of being the second most populous and being endowed with all natural resources, the State had the distinction of having the least capacity of power generation. The State had paltry 1900 MW Installed capacity i.e. a meager 20 watts per capita as against National average of 100 watts per capita. However, after reorganization of the State into two smaller States, Bihar and Jharkhand -the Land of Forests, the Government of Jharkhand has decided and is determined to take quantum jumps in generating capacity addition from its present figure of about 1400 MW - its inheritance from the integrated state. The state of Jharkhand has taken up this as a challenging opportunity and scope to develop.   The Aim and Objective Presently, the India's power generating Installed capacity is little above 100,000 MW with a Thermal-Hydel Mix in the ratio of 76:24. The present generation level is such that It provides an average per capita electric energy consumption of around 450 kWh for a population of 1000 million people. The state of Jharkhand has also aimed to raise its present level of per capita energy consumption of about 200 kWh to very near to national average by 10th Plan i.e. the year 2007 and thereafter Improve further in consonance and compatibility with best of states like Punjab, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, etc. To fall in line with the planning and proposals of Government of India for power development, the State aspires to enhance its generating capacity by more than double by 11th Plan i.e. 2012, the year by which power-on-demand to the people is committed. The objective to prepare this write-up is to provide details about prospective power projects, which nave been sanctioned and cleared from the respective agencies and also other potential areas where private entrepreneurs could consider investment.   Initiatives Taken In a short span of about 2½ years after coming to existence, the Government of Jharkhand has taken the following initiatives in the direction of power development: State's industrial policy has been formulated to promote and enhance the industrial base and thus increase in demand for electric power. Jharkhand State Electricity Board has been established. The Board's organizational set up is planned to be on profit center concept with due accountability & authority to down- the-rung units Experts/Consultant's report in this regard is available and is under processing for implementation. The State Government has signed Memorandum of Understanding with Government of India as a token of Its commit to the reforms in the power sector as formulated by the Union Government, Department of power, on 30.04.2001. Decision has been taken to open the state power sector for private Investment and extend all due facilitation and incentive to the investors. The distribution system is planed for privatization at appropriate time. Rural electrification has been accorded top priority. All the 32000 villages are to be electrified by the year 2007. Present electrification level is hardly 15%. This will Increase the power demand and also scope for power generation through small power schemes like small hydro, Biomass, etc. The work on renovation & modernization of existing power generating station as well as transmission and distribution system has already commenced in line with the guidelines Issued by Government of India under Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme (APDRP) and other schemes of national and International Financial Institutions.   The Strategy The strategy, in essence, of the Government of the state and Jharkhand State Electricity Board is not to leave any stone unturned, to develop the power sector of the State i.e. To go all out for power sector reforms. Compatible development of power transmission and distribution network in the state, co-concurrent with the thrust on generating capacity. Harnessing renewable energy source i.e. a. Biomass power generation b. Micro / Mini / Small hydro power schemes c. Solar power for rural and also strategy location in urban areas d. Solid waste utilization & management In conventional power generating sector, install pit - head power stations to reduced menace of coal ash, etc. of Its own as well as welcome entrepreneurs to invest in the sector.   The Prospective Projects   I Thermal The new identified investigated and techno-economically effective, power projects in the state which could be taken up for Implementation, during 10th & 11th Plan are indicated.   Power Generation from Non - Conventional Sources In addition to the hydel sites indicated In Table - 4, there are about 70 sites of small / mini / micro hydro power schemes, all put together can generate 100 MW power, station capacities ranging up to 3 MW. The sites are mostly investigated, under investigation and can be taken up for development. A concept note on small hydro in Jharkhand is attached as Annexure - II. The Government of India, Ministry of Non - Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) UNDP, extends lot of facilitation and incentives for this type of projects and also other non -conventional sources, biomass, etc. The State of Jharkhand has large scope for power generating from biomass and solar specially for rural areas. Coal Bed Methane State is endowed with lot of coal resources. Recently, large reserves of coal-associated gas - coal bed methane - have been identified. ONGC - India is already In the process of extracting out the gas. The gas can be used for electric power generation - through small/medium size stations. The total availability of Coal Bed Methane in Jharkhand Is assessed about 3 to 5 million cubic meters per day. Geothermal As per the recent assessments and investigations carried out, India has large potential of Geothermal Energy, which can be gainfully utilized for power generation, Jharkhand possess a good share of these. Of the total recorded site of 340 in India (by Geothermal Education office - US), 60 sites could be in Jharkhand. Most prospective ones in Jharkhand are indicated in Table- 5. Table 5 The 5x10 KW of Portable Micro Hydel Sets are isolated project and supply the power to nearby villages of Jalimghagh, Nindighagh and Goutamghagh who require electricity for domestic lighting only. However, these sites have potential of generating such capacity of power round the clock over the year. Besides this also 2 nos. of new projects of 200 KV each one at Jonhaghagh and one at Nindighagh are being constructed under UNDP.     Potential of Small/Mini/Micro Hydel Power in Jharkhand There are 90 nos. of Small/Mini/Micro hydel power project having total estimated capacity of 134170 KW under different stages of development, as given below: Small/Mini/Micro Hydel Power Projects under Different Stages of Development in Jharkhand   Details & Status of Small/Mini/Micro hydel Power Project 1. Project under execution Sl. No. Name of Project Location (District) Capacity (kW) Status 1 North Koel MEP Mandal Palamu 24000 Not known 2 Chandil Dam HEP, Chandil West Singhbhum 8000 -do- 3 Tenu Bokaro Link Canal HEP, Tenughat Bokaro 1000 - do- 4 Sadani SHP Rajadera Gumla 1000 Being executed by M/s Pareek Brothers 5 Lower Ghagri SHP, Netarhat Palamu 400 Not known 6 Netarhat SHP, Netarhat Palamu 50 -do- 7 Nindlghaqh Demo Protect Lohardaga 200 -do- 8 Jatimghagh Demo Project Gumla 200   TOTAL: 34850     2. Projects at DPR Stage Sl No. Name of Project Location Capacity MW Status Block District 1 Manjusha SHP Murhu Ranchi 130 Being prepared by AHEC 2 BipasaSHP KhuntpanI West Singhbhum 60 Total 190   3. Survey and Investigation Completed Projects Sl No. Name of Project Location Capacity MW Status Block District 1 Shayamali SHP-I Tonto West Singhbhum 400 S & I had been completed by MECON 2 Shayamali SHP-II Tonto West Singhbhum 200 3 Shakuntala SHP Senha Lohardaga 200 4 Pushapanjali SHP Chandwa Palamu 300 5 Kadambani SHP Bishunpur Gumla 80 TOTAL: 1180   4. Projects under Survey and Investigation Sl. No. Name of Project Location  (District) Capacity (kW) Status 1 Sugubandh SUP Palamu 3000 Not known 2 Muria 5HP Palamu 3000 -do- 3 Hundru SHP Ranchi 1000 -do- 4 Bundu SHP Ranchi 750 -do- 5 Tora SHP Ranchi 500 - do- 6 Bandgaon SHP Ranchi 1000 -do- 7 Mahuadanr SHP West Singhbhum 3000 -do- TOTAL: 12250     5. Projects under Pre-Feasibility Report Sl. No. Name of Project Location  (District) Head in Meter Discharge in Cumec Capacity (kW) 1 Bagodar HEP 5.45 km of B Canal   21.50 13.20 2400 2 Bamar Reservoir LBC HEP   15.00 11.80 1500 3 R.B. Canal HEP   19.00 3.10 500 4 Harkattajore HEP Chandan Block   2.50 20.00 500 5 Jhajhwa HEP Wamev   4.00 25.00 900 6 Senakatan HEP Super Power Block   10.00 11.00 900 7 Loha Tawba HEP BoarlHore Block   3.00 20.00 500 8 Right Canal HEP Aurang Dam Toe   25.60 11.53 2500 9 Rjqht HEP Many Dam Toe   25.00 9.45 2000 10 K. Dam L.S. HEP RD-013.20   13.20 10.00 1000 11 Dimnasat Mala HEPRD104 of Swarnrekha   4.07 55.86 2400 12 Left Canal RD 226.3 of Swamrekha   4.57 55.06 2000 13 Left Canal RD 358 of Swamrekha   9.75 36.57 3000 14 Left Canal RD 405.50 of Swamrekha   4.57 19.56 800 15 Kharkai Dam R.S. HEP RD-0   12.80 12.00 1200 16 Kisko Lohardaga 20.00 7.50 1200 17 Lohardaqa Lohardaga 10.00 15.00 1200 18 Namkum Ranchi 20.00 7.50 1200 19 Lapung Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 20 Khuntj Ranchi 20.00 7.50 1200 21 Rania Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 22 Torpa Ranchi 80.00 1.818 1200 23 Karra Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 24 Irkia Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 25 Bundu Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 26 Palkot Ranchi 10.00 15.00 1200 27 Raidih Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 28 Chainpur Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 29 Dumrl Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 30 Ghaghra Gumla 10.00 15.00 1200 31 Bharno Gumia 10.00 15.00 1200 32 Basia Gumla 10.00 15.00 1200 33 Kamdara Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 34 Gumla Gumla 10.00 15,00 1200 35 Bano Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 36 Thitangey Gumla 20.00 7.50 1200 37 Balbaa Gumla 10.00 15.00 1200 38 Simdega Simdega 20.00 7.50 1200 39 Kolebira Simdega 20.00 7.50 1200 40 Jaldega Simdega 20.00 7.50 1200 41 Khurudeg Simdeaa 20.00 7.50 1200 42 Garu Palamu 10.00 7.50 1200 43 Mahuadanr Palamu 10.00 15.00 1200 44 Bhandaria-Palamu Palamu 20.00 7.50 1200 45 Tantnagar W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 46 Manjari W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 47 Kumardungi W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 48 Mahilong W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 49 JhlnkpanI W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 50 Bandgaon W. Singhbhum 100.00 1.50 1200 51 Sonua W. Singhbhum 20.00 7.50 1200 52 Goelkera W. Singhbhum 20.00 7.50 1200 53 Manoharpur W. Singhbhum 20.00 7.50 1200 54 Kuchi W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 55 Chaibasa W. Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 56 Dumaria W.Singhbhum 10.00 15.00 1200 57 Masalla Dumka 10.00 15.00 1200 58 Gopikanda Dumka 20.00 7.50 1200 59 Kathlkanda Dumka 20.00 7.50 1200 60 Silkaripara Dumka 10.00 15.00 1200 61 Taljhari Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 62 Pathna Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 63 Borlo Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 64 Litipara Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 65 Amrapara Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 66 Pakuria Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 67 Barljori Sahebganj 10.00 15.00 1200 68 Sunder Pahar Sahebganj 20.00 7.50 1200 MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES Encouraging factors for Investors Simplified procedures for granting mining leases. Joint venture projects with Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation encouraged. Expeditious clearance of mining lease applications and project report.   Business Opportunities Develop iron ore as a business (export potential) Enhance steel production Sponge iron plant Cement plant in view of infrastructure developments Potential to use slag from steel plants Graphite electrodes & graphite powder Granite - Export Potential Quartzite - Road Metal & Glass / Crystal purposes Chemical & Fertilizer - Steel plant generated Coal tar & Phosphate based fertilizers Bleaching powder, calcium carbide & lime related chemicals. Mica - Ground mica, mica bricks & electrical appliances.   OTHER AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY SERICULTURE IN JHARKHAND Silk is a fine strand of fiber that is a solidified secretion produced by certain caterpillars to encase themselves in the form of cocoons. The possibility of making cloth from the fiber that the silkworm spins into a cocoon was first discovered in China about 2600 B.C. Since then, silk worms have been bred for the sole purpose of producing raw silk.     Salient Features of improved silkworm rearing Rearing with Disease Free Laying (DFLs) Early stage worms are reared in specially maintained gardens within rearing fields - Plants are regularly pruned Plants receive higher dose of manures Leaves are rich in nutrients Rearing of silk worm in the initial 15 days is carried out under nylon nets- Offers complete protection against pest predators Protects the tiny worms from strong winds, direct hitting by rain drops Saves labour in watch & ward   Expansion Strategies To reach out to places where people have been traditionally involved in Tasar sericulture and spread grain age activity so as to make disease free laying (DFLs) available to the Seri culturists in potential areas. Organize finances for setting up new grainages. Establish linkages for ensuring basic seeds for the grainages. Seed crop rearing activity. This activity involves building of seed cocoon stock through multiplication of basic seeds in one or two rearing cycles prior to the commercial crop rearing. While the cocoons harvested in the commercial crop rearing is utilized for yarn production, the harvest of the seed crop cycles (seed cocoons) are utilized in the grainages for the production of DFLs. Organize training to impart required technological skills among seed rearers. Campaigns to improve productivity of Commercial crop rearing. The crop taken up through the final life cycle of tasar insect in a year is considered as the commercial crop. The cocoons harvested in the commercial crop contain higher amount of extractable silk filaments. Silk in Jharkhand : Mainly TASAR Tropical Tasar silk production originated in the Chotanagpur plateau of India and its origin and history are lost in antiquity. Tasar culture is a way of life for the tribal and forest dwellers, particularly in Central and Eastern India. Tasar culture is a backbone for Tribal development, and the Government of India, through the Central Silk Board and different State Governments have initiated several developmental and welfare measures for the tribal welfare through it. Jharkhand, much like Chattisgarh and Uttaranchal, is endowed with adequate forest cover. These forests are home to two species of trees - Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) & Asan (Terminalia Tomentosa) Which are breeding ground for the moth which produces the cocoon from which Tasar yarn is reeled. Jharkhand's forest department is also planning to encourage planting of Arjuna trees in place of the traditional Acacia or Eucalyptus trees. On its part, the CTR & TI (Central Tasar Research and Training Institute), is planning to use tissue-culture methods to identify and develop high yielding varieties of Arjuna.     Resource Availability The Tasar Silk Industry has rich.. Natural resources as food plants, and Man-power as tribals, and the challenge is to utilize these to bring about a balanced development in keeping with tribal traditions and their way of life in Jharkhand. Tasar culture has now two distinct entities - Tropical Tasar, & Temperate Tasar   Action Plan for development of Silk Industry Increase cultivation of host plants Promotion of a forestation by setting up nurseries. Promote proper silkworm rearing techniques amongst Seri culturists. Production of Disease Free Laying in large quantities. Increase post-cocoon activities. Better arrangements for sale of cocoons through local Haat markets. Post cocoon activities of PPCs Training 10 beneficiaries on Thread reeling and fabric weaving, per center per year. Using the trainees for reeling and weaving of cocoons available at the centers. Sale of prepared fabric. Organize bank supports for self-employment of trained beneficiaries. Prepare statistics of Silk thread and fabric produced in the region.   Scope of Tasar sericulture expansion in Jharkhand DFLs required                                      : 120 lakhs No. of Grainages required                    : 3500 No. of active rearers available              : 60,000 Area of host plant forests available      : 9 lakh hectares Potential of Tasar cocoon production : 70 crore pcs. Expected yield of raw silk                    : 700 tonnes Net value of the raw silk                       : Rs. 100 crores Expected value of processed silk        : Rs. 300 crores As per the State Industrial Policy 2001, numerous benefits/ incentives provided to entrepreneurs involved in post-cocoon activities like yarn and fabric production.   Employment generation based incentives. Reduced stamp duty and registration on purchase / acquisition of land and building. Feasibility study - Project report cost reimbursement subsidy. Capital investment incentive. Pollution control equipment subsidy. Interest subsidy. Commercial tax benefits     RURAL INDUSTRIES This sector has immense export potential which needs to be exploited to earn foreign exchange. To give thrust, the government aims to provide benefits in the following areas: Handloom Provides employment to around 1.5 lakh weavers in the state. Numerous incentives to handloom weavers given under Deendayal Hastkargha Protsahan Yojana. These include : Providing looms and accessories Product development Infrastructure support Institutional support Training to weavers Supply of equipment Marketing support Handicrafts Measures to Boost growth: Specialized training Design development Raw material support Marketing assistance Improved tools Technological improvement Bank finance Boost manufacture of sophisticated and intricate handicrafts in cane and bamboo work, wood carving, stone ware, brass ware, lac based handicrafts, terracotta, etc. Provide a marketing platform for rural artisans through Handicraft village and Craft Melas. Khadi and Village Industries High priority accorded to this sector so as to promote a self-reliant rural economy. Government setting up a KVI Board to provide training, financing and marketing support Government setting up a Bamboo Research Institute. Forest based Industry Various forest produce available in the state are mahua seed, sal seed, shellac, bamboo, kendu leaf, harre, bahera, etc. The state government plans to encourage R&D to increase use of such forest produce so as to boost this sector Industries based on Medicinal and Aromatic plants With the availability of most of the medicinal plants and herbs, good scope for investment is there in this area. 22 out of 26 medicinal plants and herbs are available in Jharkhand.
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